In the past performance of utilities was poor due to ineffective management and inadequate provision for operation and maintenance. The resulting poor performance has led to rapid degradation of WSS infrastructure hindering the desire to achieve self sustainability impacting mainly on the low income consumers. Syndication of utilities into viable clusters and application of commercial principles has emerged as a powerful response to turn around this declining trend. It has led to improvements in performance and increase in investments for rehabilitation and establishment of new facilities. In order to tackle institutional and operational weaknesses, the Government through the MWI has commenced water sector reform provided for in the Water Act 2002. All the new institutions within the WSS sub-sector have been established: Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB) to set standards and regulate the sub-sector; Water Appeal Board (WAB) to adjudicate on disputes; seven Water Services Boards (WSBs) to be responsible for the efficient and economical provision of water services; Water Services Trust Fund (WSTF) to finance pro-poor investments; Water Services Providers (WSPs) to be agents in the provision of water and sewerage services utilizing acceptable business principles in their operations. The MWI is responsible for overall sector oversight including policy formulation, coordination and resource mobilisation.